Class 8 Chapter 18 Concept of Program and programming language

Chapter 18 Concept of Program and programming language 

Write very short answer of the following questions: 
a. Does computer use natural language? 

Ans: No, computers do not use natural language.
b. Which is computer's native language? 

Ans: Machine language is the computer's native language.
c. Which codes are used by assembly language? 

Ans: Assembly language uses mnemonic codes to represent instructions.
d. Write two examples of high level programming language. 

Ans: Examples of high-level programming languages are Python and Java.
e. Which type of language is known as first generation programming language?

Ans: Machine language is known as a first-generation programming language.
f. Are all the computer user's known as programmer? 
Ans:  No, not all computer users are programmers.

Write short answer of the following questions: 
a. Define the terms program and programming? 

Ans: The set of instructions used to perform specific task in the computer is known as program and the process of writing (coding the computer program using suitable special language is known as programming.
b. What is programming language? Write its types.

Ans: The aritificial language which are used to develop computer programs are called programming languages. 

We can categorized programming language into two types: Low Level Languages (LLL) and High Level Language (HLL)
c. Why do we need programming language? 

Ans: Computers don't understand natural languages like Nepali or English. Instead, they require programming languages to write instructions, which are then converted into a form the computer can process and execute.
d. What is machine level language? 

Ans: Machine level language is the computer's native language which used only two binary digits i.e. 0 & 1. These codes are directly converted into electrical signals and doesn't require any translations. 
e. Write any two demerits of machine level language.

Ans: Two demerits of machine level language are:

i. It is difficult to program and modify in machine level language.

ii. It requires high level programming skills to program in machine level language.
f. What is assembly language? 

Ans: Assembly language are low level language in which the binary codes are replaced by shorter form of instructions called mnemonic codes such as ADD for addition, CMP for comparision etc.

g. Mention any two merits of assembly language. 

Ans: Any two merits of assembly language are:

i. It is easier to understand and use than macine level language.

ii. It is easier to debug the program.

Write long answer of the following questions: 
a.What is computer language? Explain the types of low level programming language with examples. 

Ans: Computer language is a system used to communicate with a computer, allowing us to give instructions and make it perform tasks.

Types of Computer Languages:
Low-Level Language (LLL) : It is a language that works closely with a computer’s hardware. It includes Machine Language, which uses binary code (0s and 1s), and Assembly Language, which uses simple instructions like ADD or SUB. 

High-Level Language (HLL) : It is easier for humans to understand and use, with examples like Python and Java, which are used to create programs in a simpler way.

b. "High level languages are problem oriented and easier to use". Discuss this statement with the features of high level language.

Ans: High-level languages are designed to be user-friendly and problem-oriented, using simple syntax closer to human language. They focus on solving specific tasks, like Python for data analysis or Java for application development. These languages provide abstraction from hardware, offer portability, and come with rich libraries and error handling, making it easier for programmers to focus on solving problems rather than managing hardware or complex code.

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