History and Generation of Computer
ExerciseQ.1. Write down the name of inventors for the following computing device.
Devices Inventors and date of Invention
Abacus >>> Chinese, Egyptian around 3000 BC
Napier's Bone >>> John Napier in 1614 AD
Slide Rule >>> William Oughtred in 1620 AD
Pascaline >>> Blaise Pascal in 1642 AD
Stepped Reckoner >>> Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz in 1671 AD
Jacquard's Loom >>> Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1801 AD
Difference Engine >>> Charles Babbage in 1822
Analytical Engine >>> Charles Babbage in 1833
Tabulating Machine >>> Dr. Herman Hollerith in 1887
Mark I >>> Howard Aiken in 1937
Atanasoft Berry Computer >>> Dr John Vincent Atanasoft and Clifford Berry in 1942 AD
Q.2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
a) Abacus was developed by the Chinese and Egyptian around 3000 BC.
b) Blaise pascal, a French mathematician invented the first mechanical calculating device called Pascaline.
c) Gottfried Wilhelm Von Leibniz, invented digital mechanical calculator called Stepped Recokner.
d) Joseph Marie Jacquard invented an automatic weaving machine called Jacquard's Loom.
e) Charles Babbage is also known as the father of modern computer science.
f) Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace was the first computer programmer who developed first computer program for Analytical Engine.
g) Dr. Herman Hollerith developed Tabulating Machine in 1887.
h) Government of Nepal brought IMB 1401 to process census data of 2028.
Q.3. Complete the following chart of generation of computer with duration and main component used in each generation.
| Generation | Period | Main Components |
|---|---|---|
| First Generation | 1945-1955 | Vacuum Tube |
| Second Generation | 1956-1964 | Transistors |
| Third Generation | 1965-1971 | Integrated Circuits |
| Fourth Generation | 1972-Present | Micro Processor |
| Fifth Generation | Future | Bio Chips |
Q.5. Write the full forms of the following.
ASCC >> Automatic Sequence Controlled Calculator
CDC >> Curriculum Development Center
HLCIT >> High Level Commission for Information Technology
IT >> Information Technology
IBM >> International Business Machine
GUI >> Graphical User Interface
AI >> Artificial Intelligence
IC >> Integrated Circuit
EDSAC >> Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator
NCC >> National Computer Center
ABC >> Atanasoft Berry Computer
Q.7. write very short answer of the following question
a. Who is considered as the father of Computer Science?
Ans: Charles Babbage is considered as the father of computer science.
b. Which generation computer used microprocessor as main component?
Ans: Fourth Generation computer used microprocessor as main component.
c. In which university did Howard Aiken belong to?
Ans: Howard Aiken belong to Harvard University.
d. Who was Dr Herman Hollerith?
Ans: Dr. Herman Hollerith was an American census statistician who developed Tabulating machine.
e. What was the main purpose of Napier's bone?
Ans: The main purpose of Napier's bone is to perform calculation of any number.
f. Which generation computer can take self decision?
Ans: Fifth generation computer can take self decision.
g. Which generation of computer used GUI operating system?
Ans: Fourth generation of computer used GUI operating system.
h. Is IBM 1401 minicomputer?
Ans: No, IBM 1401 is a mainframe computer.
i. Who is known as the first computer programmer?
Ans: Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace is known as the first computer programmer.
j. Write the major component used in each generation of computer.
Ans: is given in Q.No. 3.
Q.8. Write short answer of the following question.
a. What is Abacus? What was its main purpose in early days?
Ans: Abacus is the first manual calculating device developed by Chinese and Egyptian around 3000 BC.
The main purpose of abacus in early days was to make their calculation fast and easier.
b. Why is Charles Babbage known as father of computer science?
Ans: Charles Babbage is known as father of computer science because he gave the basic concept of computer in analytical engine.
c. Which is the first computer brought in Nepal and for what purpose?
Ans: IBM 1401 was the first computer brought in Nepal to process census data of 2028.
d. Write about the History of Computer in Nepal in brief.
Ans: There is no any remarkable contribution of Nepal for the development of computer. Nepal has lately entered in the computer age. The first computer IBM 1401 was brought in Nepal for the census of 2028 B.S. In 2031 B.S. His majesty's government established a separate branch named Data Processing Center for the electronic data processing purpose. In 2037 B.S. NCC (National Computer Center) started to provide necessary training and technical support. ICL2950/10 was bought to process the census of 2038.
Government has formed High Level Commission for Information Technology and also formulated IT (Information Technology) in 2057. Cyber law was released in 2061 and reviewed in 2063 B.S. Now The private level organizations and government are playing important role for the development of ICT in Nepal. e. What is meant by generations of computer?
Ans: The development of modern computers took place into five distinct phases which are known as generations of computer.
f. Write any major features of second generation computer?
Ans: The major features of second generation computer are as follows.
i) Second generation computers used transistors for circuitry.
ii) Second generation computers used magnetic disk and magnetic tape for storage.
iii) Second generation computers were smaller, faster and cheaper then first generation computer.
g. Mention any two disadvantages of first generation computers.
Ans: Two disadvantages of first generation computers are as follows:
i) First generation computers were large in size and slow in speed.
ii) First generation computer required a large amount of electricity to operate and generated a large amount of heat.
h. What is meant by Artificial Intelligence?
Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) means the endowing of machines with some of the characteristics of intelligence, such as learning, recognition and reasoning normally associated with humans.
i. Write the difference between third and fourth generation computers.
Q.9. Write short Notes on the following.
a. Analytical engine
b. Pascaline
c. Jacquard's Loom
d. Atanasoff Berry Computer
e. Abacus
Q.7. write very short answer of the following question
a. Who is considered as the father of Computer Science?
Ans: Charles Babbage is considered as the father of computer science.
b. Which generation computer used microprocessor as main component?
Ans: Fourth Generation computer used microprocessor as main component.
c. In which university did Howard Aiken belong to?
Ans: Howard Aiken belong to Harvard University.
d. Who was Dr Herman Hollerith?
Ans: Dr. Herman Hollerith was an American census statistician who developed Tabulating machine.
e. What was the main purpose of Napier's bone?
Ans: The main purpose of Napier's bone is to perform calculation of any number.
f. Which generation computer can take self decision?
Ans: Fifth generation computer can take self decision.
g. Which generation of computer used GUI operating system?
Ans: Fourth generation of computer used GUI operating system.
h. Is IBM 1401 minicomputer?
Ans: No, IBM 1401 is a mainframe computer.
i. Who is known as the first computer programmer?
Ans: Lady Augusta Ada Lovelace is known as the first computer programmer.
j. Write the major component used in each generation of computer.
Ans: is given in Q.No. 3.
Q.8. Write short answer of the following question.
a. What is Abacus? What was its main purpose in early days?
Ans: Abacus is the first manual calculating device developed by Chinese and Egyptian around 3000 BC.
The main purpose of abacus in early days was to make their calculation fast and easier.
b. Why is Charles Babbage known as father of computer science?
Ans: Charles Babbage is known as father of computer science because he gave the basic concept of computer in analytical engine.
c. Which is the first computer brought in Nepal and for what purpose?
Ans: IBM 1401 was the first computer brought in Nepal to process census data of 2028.
d. Write about the History of Computer in Nepal in brief.
Ans: There is no any remarkable contribution of Nepal for the development of computer. Nepal has lately entered in the computer age. The first computer IBM 1401 was brought in Nepal for the census of 2028 B.S. In 2031 B.S. His majesty's government established a separate branch named Data Processing Center for the electronic data processing purpose. In 2037 B.S. NCC (National Computer Center) started to provide necessary training and technical support. ICL2950/10 was bought to process the census of 2038.
Government has formed High Level Commission for Information Technology and also formulated IT (Information Technology) in 2057. Cyber law was released in 2061 and reviewed in 2063 B.S. Now The private level organizations and government are playing important role for the development of ICT in Nepal. e. What is meant by generations of computer?
Ans: The development of modern computers took place into five distinct phases which are known as generations of computer.
f. Write any major features of second generation computer?
Ans: The major features of second generation computer are as follows.
i) Second generation computers used transistors for circuitry.
ii) Second generation computers used magnetic disk and magnetic tape for storage.
iii) Second generation computers were smaller, faster and cheaper then first generation computer.
g. Mention any two disadvantages of first generation computers.
Ans: Two disadvantages of first generation computers are as follows:
i) First generation computers were large in size and slow in speed.
ii) First generation computer required a large amount of electricity to operate and generated a large amount of heat.
h. What is meant by Artificial Intelligence?
Ans: Artificial Intelligence (AI) means the endowing of machines with some of the characteristics of intelligence, such as learning, recognition and reasoning normally associated with humans.
i. Write the difference between third and fourth generation computers.
Q.9. Write short Notes on the following.
a. Analytical engine
b. Pascaline
c. Jacquard's Loom
d. Atanasoff Berry Computer
e. Abacus
