Class 8 Chapter 17 Multimedia and application

Chapter 17 Multimedia and application 

Very Short answer of the following question 

a. How many media are used in unimedium technology?

 Ans: One medium is used in unimedium technology. 

b. Is a web camera a compulsory device for multimedia? 

Ans: No, a web camera is not a compulsory device for multimedia. 

c. Write any two hardware tools used in multimedia. 

Ans: Two hardware tools used in multimedia are microphone and graphics card. 

d. Give one animated software used in multimedia.

 Ans: Adobe Animate is an animation software used in multimedia. 

e. Write one example of educational multimedia. 

Ans: Interactive educational CDs are an example of educational multimedia. 

f. What is the simplest form of virtual reality? 

Ans: The simplest form of virtual reality is 360-degree video. 

 

Write short answer of the following questions. 

 a. What is multimedia? Multimedia is the integration of multiple forms of content such as text, audio, images, animations, and video to create interactive and engaging presentations or experiences.

Class 8 Chapter 16 Introduction to Computer Graphics

 Class 8 Chapter 16 Introduction to Computer Graphics

 a. When was the first version of Photoshop released?

Ans: The first version of Photoshop was released in 1990.

b. Is GIMP a page layout software?

Ans: No, GIMP is not a page layout software; it is an image manipulation program.

c. InDesign is the successor of which program?

Ans: InDesign is the successor of Adobe PageMaker.

d. Can you save an InDesign file in PDF format?

Ans: Yes, you can save an InDesign file in PDF format.

e. How many maximum colors can be held by the GIF format?

Ans: The GIF format can hold a maximum of 256 colors.

f. Which option of the Window menu can be used to format font?

Ans: The "Character" option in the Window menu can be used to format font.

7. Write Short answer of the following questions:

a. What is computer graphics? Write two examples.

Ans: Computer graphics is a representation of image data in digital form. Eg. Adobe Photoshop, CorelDraw. 

b. What is adobe Photoshop? Who released it first time?

Ans: Adobe Photoshop is one of the popular graphics design and image editing software developed by American brothers Thomas Knoll and John Knoll at Adobe Company in 1988.

c. What is adobe InDesign? Write its features.

Ans: Adobe InDesign is one of the popular page layout software which is the used for designing, formatting and printing books, newspaper etc. 

 Features of Adobe InDesign are:

• It allows creating, formatting and printing image in required layout.
• It provides several common graphical package tools.
• It allows typing and editing the text on opened or closed paths.
• It allows flipping and rotating the images as user's need.
• It supports easy and effective use of different color and pallets.

d. Write any four uses of graphics package in different fields.

Ans: The following are the common four used of graphics package in different fields.

• Computer-aided design (CAD)
• Digital Art
• Web design
• Video Game and virtual reality

e. What is tool? What are the major categorization of tools in InDesign?

Ans: Tools are used to perform any task quickly and effectively. We can design and edit pictures and images by using these tools from the tools box.

The major category of tools in InDesign are:

1. Selection tools
2. Drawing and type tools
3. Transformation tools
4. Modification and Navigation tools

 8. Write long answer of the following questions. 

a. Discuss the purpose of graphics in different fields.

Ans: The purpose of graphics in different fields are described below:

1. Computer-aided design (CAD): Graphics are used in CAD to design things like buildings and cars on computers. They help architects and engineers make detailed plans before building.
2. Digital Art: Artists use graphics on computers to create paintings, illustrations, and animations. It's like drawing or painting, but using special software and tools.
3. Web Design: Graphics are crucial in web design for making websites look good and easy to use. They include things like logos, buttons, and images that you see when you visit a website.
4. Video Games and Virtual Reality: Graphics make video games and virtual reality worlds come alive! They create characters, environments, and special effects that players can see and interact with, making games fun and immersive.

b. What is photo editing? Describe  the features of Photoshop.

Ans: Photo editing means to change and modify the image according to required style and format. These images can be digital photographs, illustrations, graphs, pictures etc.

Features of photoshops are:

1. It is easy and effective for creating and editing images.
2. It provides several tools to perform the image task quickly.
3. It supports 2D to 3D image conversion.
4. It allows to save images for the web.
5. It allows to format and print images in desired style.

c. How are page layout software useful for publication purpose? Explain in your own words.

Ans: Page layout software helps you arrange words and pictures nicely to make books, flyers, and other things look good. It's like using a magic tool to make everything organized and pretty. You can easily change things around and make them look professional, whether you're printing them or sharing them online.

Class 8 Chapter 15 Concept of Number System

 Concept of Number System

Write very short answer of the following questions:

a. Which country used the finger numerals system early days?

Ans: The finger numeral system was used by various cultures, and its early use cannot be attributed to a specific country.

b. When did Hindus developed decimal number system?

Ans: About in the fifth century, Hindus developed decimal number system.

c. Is octal number system has base 8?

Ans: Yes octal number system has base 8.

d. How many letters are used in Hexadecimal number system?

Ans: The hexadecimal number system uses 16 different symbols, including the numbers 0-9 and the letters A-F.

e. Can we divide binary numbers?

Ans: Yes we can divide binary numbers.

f. How many bits make a byte?

Ans: Eight bits make a byte.

Write short answer of the following questions:

a. What is number system?

Ans: A number system is the set of symbols used to express quantities as the basis for counting, determining order, comparing amounts, performing calculations, and representing value.

b. How did early people calculate?

Ans: Earlier, people used their fingers, pebbles, or sticks for counting and performed simple calculations such as addition of numbers, subtraction, etc. 

c. What is decimal number system?

Ans: The decimal number system is the most common number system that we use in our daily life. It uses ten digits 0-9 so it has base 10.

d. What is octal number system? What is its base value.

Ans: The octal number system uses 8 digits (0-7) and has a base value of 8.

e. What is binary number system? Which digits are used in this system?

Ans: The binary number system is a system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1.

f. What is hexadecimal number system? Why it has base sixteen?

Ans: The hexadecimal number system is a base-16 number system. It uses 16 different digits, which are 0-9 followed by A, B, C, D, E, and F.

Write long answer of the following questions:

a. Explain different types of number system with their examples.

Ans: There are several types of number systems, each with its own base and set of digits. Here are some of the most common ones along with examples:

a. Decimal number system

The decimal number system is the most common number system that we use in our daily life. It uses ten digits 0-9 so it has base 10. Example = 135 

 b. Binary number

The binary number system is a system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1.

Example: 1101 (in binary) = 13 (in decimal)

c. Octal number system

The octal number system uses 8 digits (0-7) and has a base value of 8. 

Example: 75 (in octal) = 61 (in decimal)

d. Hexadecimal number system

The hexadecimal number system is a base-16 number system. It uses 16 different digits, which are 0-9 followed by A, B, C, D, E, and F. 

Example: 1A3 (in hexadecimal) = 419 (in decimal)

b. Write the steps to convert decimal number to binary number and vice versa.

Ans: Follow these steps to convert a decimal to binary number system.

1. Divide the given decimal number by 2 and write down the reminders in one column

2. Then divide the quotient by 2 and again write down the reminders.

3. Continue the process until the quotient is zero. And at the same time write down the remainder values respectively.

4. Write all the remainders tarting with the most significant digit i.e. from bottom to top. 

Now you will get equivalent binary number of the given decimal number.

This website is designed to enhance your knowledge. However, if you have upcoming exams, it's recommended that you also consult your subject teacher for further guidance and preparation.

Class 8 Chapter Introduction to Data Communication and Network

 Class 8 

Chapter Introduction to Data Communication and Network

Write very short answer of the following questions: 

a. Is half duplex one way communication? 

Ans: Yes, half duplex is one way communication. 

b. Which was the first computer network of the world? 

Ans: The first computer network in the world is considered to be the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network).

c. Which network device joins multiple computers together? 

Ans: A network switch is a device that joins multiple computers together in a local area network (LAN).

d. Which is the fastest media in which data are transmitted according to the speed of light? 

Ans: Optical fiber, utilizing light signals, provides the fastest data transmission medium approaching the speed of light.

e. Which network topology places hub at the center? 

Ans: The network topology that places a hub at the center is typically the "Star" topology.

f. Which topology is considered as hybrid topology? 

Ans: Mesh topology is considered as hybrid topology.

g. Is email faster and cheaper than postal mail? 

Ans: Yes, email is faster and cheaper than postal mail.

h. Write any two popular search engine. 

Ans: google and bing  are two popular search engine.

Write short answer of the following questions: 

a. Write any two advantages of computer network. 

Ans: Any two advantages of computer network are:

• Data and information can be shared.
• Data processing is economic and faster. 

b. What is meant by network topology? 

Ans: Network topology is the interconnection pattern of computers in the network. It is the physical layout of the terminals, links and computers in the network.

c. List any four common topologies.

Ans: Any four common topologies are:

1. Bus topology 
2. Star topology
3. Ring topology
4. Mesh topology 

d. Draw and explain about bus topology. 

Ans: Bush topology is a type of network topology in which, all the computers are connected to a common cable called bus or trunk. This is simple and easy to install but if the common cable breaks it effect the whole network.

e. Differentiate between star and ring topology.

Ans:  

Star topology.	ring topology.
1. Star topology connects devices to a central hub	1. ring topology links devices in a circular chain.
2. Star topology is easy to set up and manage, suitable for small to medium-sized networks.	2.  Ring topology is less common due to complexity, but it can be more resilient as data travels through multiple devices.
3. If the hub fails, the whole network can be affected.	3. Failure of any single device can disrupt the entire network.

f. List its any four services of internet. & What is web browser? 

g. Name any two common browser software. 

Ans: Any two common browser software are : Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.

h. What is ISP? List any two popular ISPs of Nepal. 

Ans: ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. It's a company that provides internet service to users. Nepal Telecommunication (NTC) and World link are the two popular ISPs of Nepal.

i. List the components of data communication.

Ans: The components of data communication are:

1. Message

2. Sender

3. Receiver

4. Medium or communication Channel

5. Encoder and Decoder

This website is designed to enhance your knowledge. However, if you have upcoming exams, it's recommended that you also consult your subject teacher for further guidance and preparation.

Why life insurance is important for students?

 

Why life insurance is important for students?

Life insurance can be important for students for several reasons:

• Financial Protection:

Life insurance provides financial protection for your loved ones in the event of your untimely demise. If there are people who depend on you for money, like your spouse, kids, or elderly parents, life insurance makes sure they're still supported if something happens to you. It helps with things like paying for your funeral and taking care of ongoing expenses, such as mortgage payments, education costs, or any debts you may have.

• Covering Student Loans:

Many students have student loans that need to be repaid. If you have cosigned loans with your parents or have taken private student loans, life insurance can help cover those debts if something were to happen to you. This prevents your parents or co-signers from being burdened with the responsibility of repaying those loans on their own.

•  Future Insurability:

Life insurance premiums are typically based on your age and health. As a student, you're probably young and in good health because of your age and good health you can buy life insurance for a lower cost. If you get life insurance while you're young, you can lock in a low cost for the entire time you have the policy. After getting older or after having health problems, it can become more expensive or even hard to get coverage at all. So, it's smart to consider life insurance while you're still young and healthy.

•  Planning for the Unexpected:

Life is unpredictable, and unfortunate events can happen to anyone at any age. While it's not pleasant to think about, having life insurance as a student can provide peace of mind knowing that you have taken steps to protect your loved ones financially if the unexpected were to occur. It ensures that your family members or beneficiaries are not left struggling to cover expenses or dealing with financial hardships during an already difficult time.

•  Cash Value Accumulation:

Some types of life insurance, such as whole life or universal life insurance, have a cash value component that can accumulate over time. This can serve as a savings or investment vehicle, which you can access later in life if needed. It can be utilized for different purposes, such as subsidizing instruction, beginning a commerce, or supplementing retirement wage. It's imperative to note that the particular require for life protections may shift depending on person circumstances.

It's fitting to evaluate your individual circumstance, consider your monetary commitments, and counsel with a money related advisor or protections proficient to decide the suitable sum and sort of life protections scope for your needs.

Some useful website for student and teacher

 Some useful website for student and teacher 

1. Chat GPT https://chat.openai.com/ 

2. Remove noise from voice recordings https://podcast.adobe.com/ 

3. Speech or Voice to Text : https://dictation.io/speech

Class 8 Chapter 17 Multimedia and Application

Class 8 Chapter 17 Multimedia and Application

a. Name any two element of multimedia.

Ans: Text and Image are the two element of multimedia.
b. Write any two popular application area of multimedia

Ans: Any two popular application area of multimedia are: Education and Entertainment.
c. Is audio required in Multimedia.

Ans: No, audio is not required in multimedia. (Multimedia can include various types of media such as text, images, video, and audio, but not all forms of multimedia necessarily include audio.)

d. Write any one popular multimedia player software.

Ans: VLC Media Player is a popular multimedia player software.
e. What method of teaching is effective in the classroom for learning process?
Ans: The use of multimedia is an effective method of teaching in the classroom.

Write short answer to the following questions.
a. Define multimedia. What are the elements of multimedia?

Ans: Multimedia refers to the combination of different media types, such as text, graphics, audio, video, and interactive elements, in a digital format to create an engaging user experience.

The elements of multimedia include:

• Text: Written words used to convey information or messages.
• Graphics: Visual elements such as images, icons, illustrations, and animations.
• Audio: Sound elements such as music, sound effects, and spoken words.
• Video: Moving images that can be used to convey messages, tell stories, or provide demonstrations.

b. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using multimedia?

Ans: The advantages of using multimedia are:

1. Information can be presented effectively and better way using multimedia.

2. Multimedia is useful in designing of attractive and interactive web page.

3. It helps for distance learning education, Open University system and video conferencing.

4. It provides high level entertainment facility with different animated games and movies.

The disadvantage of using multimedia are:

1. Extra economic burden since initial cost is high to include multimedia.
2. It needs well trained manpower to use multimedia system.
3. Multimedia files are two large so it is time consuming while transferring it.

c. What is a multimedia software? Name some popular multimedia software.

Ans: Multimedia software is software that allows users to create and edit different types of media, such as images, videos, and audio. Popular multimedia software includes VLC Media Player, MS-Word, Photoshop, movie maker etc. 
d. What are the components required for multimedia?

Ans: The components required for multimedia are: Text, image, animation, audio, video.

e. What are the application areas of multimedia? Explain one of them.

Write long answer to the following question.
a. Explain in details about the elements of multimedia.
b. What is the role of multimedia in education and entertainment? Explain in detail

Class 8 Chapter 16 Introduction to computer graphics

Class 8 Chapter 16 Introduction to computer graphics

Write very short answer to the following question
a. Who were the inventors of photoshop program?
Ans: Photoshop was created by Thomas and John Knoll in 1987
b. Name any two computer graphics software.
Ans: Adobe Photoshop and Adobe Illustrator are the two computer graphics software.
c. Write any two tools of photoshop.
Ans: Lasso tool, Healing Brush tool are two tools of photoshop.
d. Which tool can be used to blur portions of your image?
Ans: The Blur tool can be used to blur portions of an image in Photoshop.
e. If you want to set the brightness and contrast, which menu can you use?
Ans: To set the brightness and contrast in Photoshop, you can use the "Image" menu and select "Adjustments."
f. Name any two layer buttons.
Ans: Layer visibility button and Layer lock button.
g. Can we save InDesign file in PDF format?
Ans: Yes we can save InDesign file in PDF format.

Write short answer to the following questions.
a. What is a computer graphics? Explain its role in designing.
Ans: The creation and modification of images, videos, and animations through the use of computers and computer software is known as computer graphics.
        In design, computer graphics plays a crucial role in the creation and visualization of concepts, products, and environments. It allows designers to quickly and easily create and iterate on ideas, explore different options, and communicate their designs to others.

b. List out the application areas of Photoshop.
Ans: The application areas of Photoshop are: 

1. Photography
2. Graphic Design
3. Advertising and Marketing
4. Fashion and Beauty
5. Film and Video
6. Web Design
7. Architecture

Medical and Scientific Research etc.

c. What is the use of Crop and Lasso tool?
Ans: The Crop tool allows you to remove unwanted areas of an image by defining a rectangular or elliptical area to keep.
       The Lasso tool allows you to make precise selections of areas within an image by drawing a freehand path around the area you want to select.

d. Write down the steps to set the brightness and contrast in the image.
Ans: Open image in Photoshop.
Go to Image > Adjustments > Brightness/Contrast.
Use sliders to adjust brightness and contrast.
Click OK to apply changes.
Save the image.

e. What are layers?
Ans: Layers in Photoshop are a way to organize and separate different parts of an image, allowing you to edit and work on each part individually. Each layer can have its own unique properties, such as position, blending mode, and opacity. They can be added new layer, deleted, rearranged, and merged to create a final image.

f. Write down the steps to show the layers. For what can we use opacity and fill command?

Ans: Steps to show layers in Adobe Photoshop:

1. Open the image in Adobe Photoshop

1. Go to the "Window" menu in the top menu bar and select "Layers"
2. The Layers panel will appear on the right side of the screen, showing all the layers in the document

g. Define raster image and vector image in short.

Ans: Raster image is made of pixels, resolution is fixed and loses quality on zoom. 

        Vector image is made of mathematical equations, can be resized without losing quality and is used for illustrations, logos and graphics.

h. What is Adobe InDesign? What is the main application of it?

Ans: Adobe InDesign is a desktop publishing software application developed by Adobe Systems. It is primarily used for creating and laying out professional-quality print documents such as brochures, magazines, and books, as well as digital documents

        InDesign is widely used by graphic designers, magazine publishers, book publishers, and marketing professionals to create and produce professional-quality documents, including e-books.

i. List out the name of any six InDesign CS6 tools.

Ans: In Adobe InDesign CS6, the following tools are available:

• Selection Tool
• Direct Selection Tool
• Type Tool
• Pen Tool
• Pencil Tool
• Shape Tool

Write long answer to the following question.

a. Explain any ten Photoshop tools that you know.

b.What do you mean by importing the image? Write down the proper steps import the image from the scanner.

Class 8 Chapter 15 Computer Number System

 Class 8 Chapter 15 Computer Number System

Write very Short answer to the following questions.

a. Which number system has the base value 8? Ans. The number system with the base value 8 is the octal number system. b.What are the four types of the number system? Ans. The four types of number systems are decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal. c. What is the base of the hexadecimal number? Ans. The base of the hexadecimal number system is 16. d. What is the base of the octal number system?

Ans. The base of the octal number system is 8. e. What is the sum of the 0 + 1 in binary addition?

Ans. The sum of 0 + 1 in binary addition is 1.  f. What is the difference of 1-1 in binary subtraction?

Ans. The difference of 1 - 1 in binary subtraction is 0

Write short answer to the following questions

1. What is computer number system? Write down the types of computer number systems.

Ans: A. Computer number system refers to the way in which computers represent and manipulate numerical values. The types of computer number systems are binary, octal, decimal, and hexadecimal.

1. Define binary number and decimal number with examples.

Ans:  A binary number is a number represented using only two digits, 0 and 1. It is the foundation of all modern computer systems. For example, the binary number 1001 represents the decimal value 9.

A decimal number is a number represented using the base 10 number system, with digits 0-9. For example, the decimal number 42 represents the value 42.

1. What is octal and hexadecimal number system?

Ans: Octal number system is a base 8 number system, it uses 8 digits 0-7. In this system, each digit represents a power of 8.

Hexadecimal number system is a base 16 number system, it uses 16 digits(0-9, A-F) to represent a value. Each digit represents a power of 16.

1. Draw a truth table for binary addition.

Ans: Truth table for binary addition:

A B Carry Sum 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0

1. Prepare a truth table for binary subtraction.

Ans: Truth table for binary subtraction:

A B Borrow Difference 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0

Please note that the above truth tables are for one-bit binary subtraction and addition. If you need truth tables for multiple bit binary operations, it would be more complex.

Class 8 Chapter 14 Introduction to computer networking

 Introduction to computer networking

Write very short answer of the following questions.

a. Name any two components required for networking.

Ans: Network Interface Card (NIC) and Network Operating System (NOC) are the two components required for networking.

Name any two protocols.

Ans: Transmission control protocols and File transfer protocol are the two types of protocols.

Is LAN larger than WAN?

Ans: No, LAN is not larger than WAN.
Name any two networking topology.

Ans: Any two networking topology are: Bus topology and star topology.
What are the types of network architecture?

Ans: The different types of network architecture are: 

Peer to peer architecture

Client server architecture.
Which network topology places hub at the Centre?

Ans: Star topology places hub at the center.

Write short answer to the following questions.

a. Define computer network with its uses.

Ans: A computer network is a group of two or more than two computers that are linked together to share the information and resources.
b. Mention the advantages and disadvantages of computer networking.

Ans: Advantages of networking: 

i. It enhances communication and availability of information.

ii. It allows for more convenient resource sharing.

iii. It makes file sharing easier.

iv. It has a highly flexible working condition.

v. It increases cost efficiency

Disadvantages of networking:

i. It is difficult to establish

ii. Trained person is required to handle.

iii. It has less privacy.

iv. More chances of spreading viruses.

 
c. Define network operating system.

Ans: Network operating system is an operating system used to make the computers participate on the network. It creates a working environment between the user and networks. Example: Windows 2000, windows XP, windows 7, etc. 
d. What are the types of computer networking? Write down the advantages LAN.

Ans: The different types of computer networking are: Personal Area Network, Local Area Network, Metropolitan Area Network, and Wide Area Network. 

Advantages of LAN are:

i. It is a reliable networking suitable for very small area. 

ii. Adding and removing the computer is easy. 

iii. Data transfer rate is very high. 

iv. Easy to share hardware resources like printer, CD, DVD etc.
e. What is MAN? What are the advantages of MAN?

Ans: MAN or Metropolitan Area Network consists of a computer network across an entire city or small region. 

Advantages of MAN
i. It is larger than LAN and smaller than WAN.
ii. It is faster than WAN but slower than LAN.
iii. Centralized administration is required to handle.

f. Define ring topology with its advantages.

Ans: 
g. Define web browser and web server.

Ans:

Write long answer to the following questions.

1. What is Network architecture? Explain its types in details.
2. Write about protocol. What is the internet? Explain its uses. 
3. c Explain the types of computer networking in details.

Class 8 Chapter 13 Computer Virus

 Lesson 13 Computer Virus

write down a single technical term for the following.

1. These are the utility tools used to detect and remove the virus from the computing devices. Anti-virus software
2. It is a series of commands that automatically triggers a specific function within a software program. Macro Virus
3. A type of computer virus that inserts its malicious code into executable files
   on a system. File infector virus
4. These types of viruses are created with the help of scripting languages such as VB Script, Java Script, etc. Script virus
5. The virus can affect both the boot sector and the program files at the same time. Multipartite Virus

Write very short answer to the following questions.

a. Name any three computer viruses. 

Ans: The three computer viruses are: Macro Virus, Script Virus, File infector Virus.

b. Write any two examples of file infector virus.

Ans: Two example of file infector virus are: Jerusalem and Cascade.

c. Name any two routes of virus transformation.

Ans: Two routes of virus transformation are: 

        i. Email attachment and web documents

        ii. Removable storage devices like pen drive, memory card etc.

d. Does computer virus affect computer hardware?

Ans: No computer virus does not affect computer hardware.

e. What should be installed in your computer system to protect it from computer virus?

Ans: We should install Antivirus software in our computer system to protect it from computer virus.

f. Name any two antivirus that you know.

Ans: Two antivirus software are: Norton antivirus, Kaspersky antivirus.

Write short answer to the following questions.

a. What is a computer virus? Explain with examples.

Ans: A computer virus is a manmade destructive computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without the permission or knowledge of the user.

        A macro is a series of commands that automatically triggers a specific function within a software program. A boot sector virus infects the boot sector on hard disk, floppy disk and also bootable media such as CD and DVD. File infector virus is also known as parasitic virus that usually infects memory and executable files. The polymorphic virus duplicates itself by creating usable, albeit slightly modified, copies of itself.

b. What are the types of viruses? List out them.

Ans: The different types of computer viruses are: Macro virus, boot sector virus, File infector virus, Polymorphic virus, multipartite virus, Script virus, Stealth virus, etc.

c. What are the symptoms of virus infections?

Ans: The symptoms of virus infections are:

• Computer will be slow down and does not respond properly.
• Computer will restart itself.
• Unwanted error message appears on the display screen.
• Programs and files may disappear from the computer system.
• Disk and drive may not open properly.
• Antivirus program may not work properly or may disappear from the system.

d. What are the routes of virus transformation?

Ans: Routes of virus transformation are:

•  Email attachment and web documents.
•  Removable storage devices like pen drive, memory card, etc.
•  Fake websites
•  Bluetooth, Xender, etc.

e. Define antivirus with some examples.

Ans: Antivirus programs are utility tools used to detect and remove the virus from the computing devices. Some examples of antivirus are: Norton antivirus, Kaspersky antivirus, McAfee antivirus, NOD 32 antivirus, AVG antivirus, Panda antivirus etc. 

f. Explain the ways to protect your computer system from the viruses.

Ans: The different ways to protect our computer system from the viruses are: 

• Always use antivirus program on your computer system and update it regularly.
• Scan removable storage media with antivirus before using it.
• Use firewall system.
• Do not download unnecessary software and data from the internet.
• Do not open unwanted and junk emails.
• Give priority to use genuine software programs.

Write long answer to the following question. 

a.  Explain the types of computer viruses.

Ans: The different types of computer viruses are described below.

Macro virus 

        A macro is a series of commands that automatically triggers a specific function within a software program.

Boot sector virus 

A boot sector virus infects the boot sector on hard disk, floppy disk and also bootable media such as CD and DVD. 

File infector virus

File infector virus is also known as parasitic virus that usually infects memory and executable files. 

Polymorphic virus

The polymorphic virus duplicates itself by creating usable, albeit slightly modified, copies of itself.

Script virus

These types of viruses are created with the help of scripting languages like Java Script, VB script. A script virus usually comes from web page advertisements so it can spread very fast.

Stealth Virus

A computer virus that actively hides itself from the antivirus software and create a copy itself into another location on the drive are known as stealth virus.

(If you have any question from this chapter please comment below)