Algorithm and flowchart to calculate perimeter of a rectangle

 Algorithm and flowchart to calculate perimeter of a rectangle

Algorithm:

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Input: Read the length (L) and breadth (B) of the rectangle.
Step 3 : Calculate Perimeter perimeter (P)= 2 * (L + B)
Step 4 : Output: Display the calculated perimeter.
Step 5 : End

Flowchart:

Devlop Algorithm and also draw flowchart for the following purposes.

Click the link below to see the answers. (All answers will be updated soon.)

<<<Algorithm and flowchart to input two numbers and find theirs average.>>>

<<<Algorithm and flowchart to calculate perimeter of a rectangle>>>

Algorithm and flowchart to input two numbers and find theirs average.

 Algorithm and flowchart to input two numbers and find theirs average.

Algorithm :

Step 1 : Start
Step 2 : Read the first number A.
Step 3 : Read the second number B.
Step 4 : Calculate the average: average = (A+B) / 2.
Step 5 : Display the average.
Step 6 : End

Flowchart

Devlop Algorithm and also draw flowchart for the following purposes.

Click the link below to see the answers. (All answers will be updated soon.)

<<<Algorithm and flowchart to input two numbers and find theirs average.>>>

<<<Algorithm and flowchart to calculate perimeter of a rectangle>>>

Class 8 Chapter 20 Introduction to QBASIC Programming Language

 Chapter 20 Introduction to QBASIC Programming Language 

Write very short answer of the following questions. 

a. When was the programming language BASIC developed? 

Ans: BASIC programming language was developed in 1964.

b. Is Java high level programming language?

Ans: Yes, Java is a high-level programming language.

c. QBASIC is Compiler or Interpreter based programming language? 

Ans: QBASIC is an Interpreter-based programming language.

d. What is the extension of QBASIC program file? 

Ans: The extension of a QBASIC program file is .BAS (Dot BAS)

e. Which key is used to run QBASIC program? 

Ans: The F5 key is used to run a QBASIC program.

f. In which window you can see the result immediately after pressing enter key? 

Ans: You can see the result immediately in the Immediate Window.

g. Which part of QBASIC is located at top most windows? 

Ans: The title bar is located at the topmost part of the QBASIC window.

Write short answer of the following questions: 

a. What is BASIC programming language? 

Ans: BASIC is a simple, high-level programming language designed for beginners. It has easy-to-understand syntax and was widely used for learning programming and creating simple applications.

b. Write the different versions of BASIC programming language. 

Ans: Different version of BASIC are:

True BASIC

QBASIC

Visual BASIC

GW-BASIC

BASIC-256

c. Why is QBASIC called an interpreter based programming language? 

Ans: QBASIC is called an interpreter-based language because it executes code line by line, without compiling the entire program.

d. What are the different parts of QBASIC window? 

Ans:The different parts of the QBASIC window are:

1. Title Bar: Displays the name of the program.
2. Menu Bar: Contains options like File, Edit, Run, etc.
3. Tool Bar: Provides quick access to common tools.
4. Editor Window: Where the code is written.
5. Immediate Window: Displays output and results of commands.
6. Status Bar: Shows information like the current line number.

e. What is the difference between immediate window and view window? 

Ans: The Immediate Window in QBASIC allows you to enter commands and see their results instantly, helping with testing and debugging code. 

The View Window, on the other hand, shows the output of the program when it is run, displaying results like printed text or graphical outputs generated by the program.

f. What do you mean by running a program? 

Ans: Running a program means executing the code so the computer performs the tasks as instructed, producing results or interacting with the user.

Write long answer of the following questions. 

a. What is programming? Why is programming necessary? 

b. What is BASIC programming language? Discuss the features of QBASIC.

Disclaimer: This content is provided to assist and support your learning. It is intended to help you understand the concepts better, but it is important to study and practice the material on your own as well. Please use this as a reference and not as a substitute for your own efforts in learning.

Class 8 Chapter 19 Programming tools and techniques

 Class 8 Chapter 19 Programming tools and techniques

Write very short answer of the following questions: 

a. Is algorithm a programming language? 

Ans: No, an algorithm is not a programming language.

b. Who gave the concept of flowchart for the first time? 

Ans: The concept of the flowchart was first introduced by Frank Gilbreth.

c. Which language is used to write algorithm? 

Ans: Algorithms can be written in any language, including plain English.

d. Which symbol is used to put comment in flowchart? 

Ans: There is no specific symbol for comments in flowcharts; annotations are written in text boxes or beside the diagram.

e. Which programming tool uses English phrase to show the process?

Ans: Pseudocode uses English phrases to show the process.

Write short answer of the following questions: 

a. Why is pre-planning necessary before writing actual program? 

Ans: Pre-planning is important because it helps write program instructions in the right order, so the computer gives correct results. It also makes the work easier by organizing everything before starting.

b. What is Algorithm? 

Ans: An algorithm is the most commonly used programming tool, which is a step-by-step procedure or set of rules designed to solve a specific problem or perform a task.

c. What is the use of flowchart in programming? 

Ans: A flowchart is a graphical/pictorial representation of the steps necessary to solve a problem, which is easier to understand and can help in identifying mistakes or inefficiencies in the process before implementation. 

d. Differentiate between system flowchart and program flowchart.

Ans: Differences Between System Flowchart and Program Flowchart

• System Flowchart: It shows how data flows and how different parts of a system work together, like input, processing, and output. It is used to represent the overall system, including hardware and software components.

• Program Flowchart: It focuses on the steps or logic needed to solve a specific problem in a program. It is used to show the sequence of instructions or decisions in a program, helping programmers understand how a program works.

Write long answer of the following questions:

a. What is programming tool? Discuss the role of algorithm to design effective program.

Ans: A programming tool is a method or technique used to plan and design programs before writing the actual code. Three main programming tools are: algorithm, flowchart and Pseudo code.

Role of algorithm to design effective program are:

• Breaking down the problem into simple steps.
• Making the program efficient by saving time and resources.
• Ensuring accuracy by providing the correct solution.
• Reducing errors by organizing the logic clearly before coding.

b. Explain flowchart with the common symbols used in flowchart.

Ans: A flowchart is a graphical/pictorial representation of the steps necessary to solve a problem, which is easier to understand and can help in identifying mistakes or inefficiencies in the process before implementation.

Common Symbols Used in Flowcharts

Devlop Algorithm and also draw flowchart for the following purposes.

Click the link below to see the answers. (All answers will be updated soon.)

<<<Algorithm and flowchart to input two numbers and find theirs average.>>>

<<<Algorithm and flowchart to calculate perimeter of a rectangle>>>

Algorithm and flowchart to print circumference of a circle

Algorithm and flowchart to check whether the inputted number is positive or negative.>>>>

Algorithm and flowchart to check pass/fail after entering obtained mark assuming pass mark 40. >>>>

Algorithm and flowchart to convert American dollar into Nepali currency. (@1=105) >>>>>

Algorithm and flowchart to prepare a cup of coffee.>>>>

Algorithm and flowchart to display odd numbers from 49 to 1. >>>>

Algorithm and flowchart to print multiplication table of 5 up to 10 multiples.>>>>

Algorithm and flowchart to calculate and print simple interest.>>>>

Algorithm and flowchart to calculate area of square. 

Class 8 Chapter 18 Concept of Program and programming language

Chapter 18 Concept of Program and programming language 

Write very short answer of the following questions: 
a. Does computer use natural language? 

Ans: No, computers do not use natural language.
b. Which is computer's native language? 

Ans: Machine language is the computer's native language.
c. Which codes are used by assembly language? 

Ans: Assembly language uses mnemonic codes to represent instructions.
d. Write two examples of high level programming language. 

Ans: Examples of high-level programming languages are Python and Java.
e. Which type of language is known as first generation programming language?

Ans: Machine language is known as a first-generation programming language.
f. Are all the computer user's known as programmer? 
Ans:  No, not all computer users are programmers.

Write short answer of the following questions: 
a. Define the terms program and programming? 

Ans: The set of instructions used to perform specific task in the computer is known as program and the process of writing (coding the computer program using suitable special language is known as programming.
b. What is programming language? Write its types.

Ans: The aritificial language which are used to develop computer programs are called programming languages. 

We can categorized programming language into two types: Low Level Languages (LLL) and High Level Language (HLL)
c. Why do we need programming language? 

Ans: Computers don't understand natural languages like Nepali or English. Instead, they require programming languages to write instructions, which are then converted into a form the computer can process and execute.
d. What is machine level language? 

Ans: Machine level language is the computer's native language which used only two binary digits i.e. 0 & 1. These codes are directly converted into electrical signals and doesn't require any translations. 
e. Write any two demerits of machine level language.

Ans: Two demerits of machine level language are:

i. It is difficult to program and modify in machine level language.

ii. It requires high level programming skills to program in machine level language.
f. What is assembly language? 

Ans: Assembly language are low level language in which the binary codes are replaced by shorter form of instructions called mnemonic codes such as ADD for addition, CMP for comparision etc.

g. Mention any two merits of assembly language. 

Ans: Any two merits of assembly language are:

i. It is easier to understand and use than macine level language.

ii. It is easier to debug the program.

Write long answer of the following questions: 
a.What is computer language? Explain the types of low level programming language with examples. 

Ans: Computer language is a system used to communicate with a computer, allowing us to give instructions and make it perform tasks.

Types of Computer Languages:
Low-Level Language (LLL) : It is a language that works closely with a computer’s hardware. It includes Machine Language, which uses binary code (0s and 1s), and Assembly Language, which uses simple instructions like ADD or SUB. 

High-Level Language (HLL) : It is easier for humans to understand and use, with examples like Python and Java, which are used to create programs in a simpler way.

b. "High level languages are problem oriented and easier to use". Discuss this statement with the features of high level language.

Ans: High-level languages are designed to be user-friendly and problem-oriented, using simple syntax closer to human language. They focus on solving specific tasks, like Python for data analysis or Java for application development. These languages provide abstraction from hardware, offer portability, and come with rich libraries and error handling, making it easier for programmers to focus on solving problems rather than managing hardware or complex code.

Disclaimer: This content is provided to assist and support your learning. It is intended to help you understand the concepts better, but it is important to study and practice the material on your own as well. Please use this as a reference and not as a substitute for your own efforts in learning.

Class 8 Chapter 17 Multimedia and application

Chapter 17 Multimedia and application 

Very Short answer of the following question 

a. How many media are used in unimedium technology?

 Ans: One medium is used in unimedium technology. 

b. Is a web camera a compulsory device for multimedia? 

Ans: No, a web camera is not a compulsory device for multimedia. 

c. Write any two hardware tools used in multimedia. 

Ans: Two hardware tools used in multimedia are microphone and graphics card. 

d. Give one animated software used in multimedia.

 Ans: Adobe Animate is an animation software used in multimedia. 

e. Write one example of educational multimedia. 

Ans: Interactive educational CDs are an example of educational multimedia. 

f. What is the simplest form of virtual reality? 

Ans: The simplest form of virtual reality is 360-degree video. 

 

Write short answer of the following questions. 

 a. What is multimedia? 

Ans:  Multimedia is the integration of multiple forms of content such as text, audio, images, animations, and video to create interactive and engaging presentations or experiences.

b. Write any two advantages of multimedia.

Ans: Any two advantages of multimedia are:

i) information related to any matter can be presented effectively and better way using multimedia.

ii) Multimedia is useful in designing of attractive and interactive webpage.

c. list any four hardweare required to make computer multimedia capable.

Ans: Any four hardware required to make computer multimedia capable:

i) High speed processor

ii) High resolution monitor

iii) Sound card, Microphone and speaker

iv) Digital camera/Web camera 

d. What is the importance of animation in multimedia?

Ans: Animation makes multimedia more engaging and visually appealing. It helps explain complex ideas in an easy-to-understand way.

e. Define the term virtual reality.

Ans: virtual reality is an artificial environment created by using computer software and hardware and presented to the viewer in such a way that it looks as real.

f. Give one example each of sound editing and video editing software.

Ans: Sound editing software : Audiocity

         Video editing software : Adobe Premier

Write long answer of the following questions. 

a. Explain the elements of multimedia.

Ans: The elements of multimedia are the components that make multimedia content engaging and interactive. They include:

1. Text: The basic and most common element for displaying information. It includes fonts, colors, and styles to make content more appealing.

2. Images: Pictures or graphics that enhance understanding and visual appeal, making the content more engaging.

3. Audio: Sounds, music, or voice-overs that provide additional information or create an immersive experience.

4. Video: Moving visuals that combine images and sound to deliver a dynamic and impactful experience.

5. Animation: Moving graphics or images that make content more interactive and visually engaging.

b. Discuss the different application of multimedia.

Ans: Multimedia has a wide range of applications across various fields. Here are some key applications:

Education: Multimedia makes learning interactive with animations, e-learning, and simulations.

Entertainment: It enhances experiences in games, movies, and VR environments.
Advertisement: Multimedia creates engaging ads and presentations for effective marketing.
Health: It is used for medical training, simulations, and patient education.
Virtual Reality: VR uses multimedia to create immersive, computer-generated environments for learning and entertainment.

Class 8 Chapter 16 Introduction to Computer Graphics

 Class 8 Chapter 16 Introduction to Computer Graphics

 a. When was the first version of Photoshop released?

Ans: The first version of Photoshop was released in 1990.

b. Is GIMP a page layout software?

Ans: No, GIMP is not a page layout software; it is an image manipulation program.

c. InDesign is the successor of which program?

Ans: InDesign is the successor of Adobe PageMaker.

d. Can you save an InDesign file in PDF format?

Ans: Yes, you can save an InDesign file in PDF format.

e. How many maximum colors can be held by the GIF format?

Ans: The GIF format can hold a maximum of 256 colors.

f. Which option of the Window menu can be used to format font?

Ans: The "Character" option in the Window menu can be used to format font.

7. Write Short answer of the following questions:

a. What is computer graphics? Write two examples.

Ans: Computer graphics is a representation of image data in digital form. Eg. Adobe Photoshop, CorelDraw. 

b. What is adobe Photoshop? Who released it first time?

Ans: Adobe Photoshop is one of the popular graphics design and image editing software developed by American brothers Thomas Knoll and John Knoll at Adobe Company in 1988.

c. What is adobe InDesign? Write its features.

Ans: Adobe InDesign is one of the popular page layout software which is the used for designing, formatting and printing books, newspaper etc. 

 Features of Adobe InDesign are:

• It allows creating, formatting and printing image in required layout.
• It provides several common graphical package tools.
• It allows typing and editing the text on opened or closed paths.
• It allows flipping and rotating the images as user's need.
• It supports easy and effective use of different color and pallets.

d. Write any four uses of graphics package in different fields.

Ans: The following are the common four used of graphics package in different fields.

• Computer-aided design (CAD)
• Digital Art
• Web design
• Video Game and virtual reality

e. What is tool? What are the major categorization of tools in InDesign?

Ans: Tools are used to perform any task quickly and effectively. We can design and edit pictures and images by using these tools from the tools box.

The major category of tools in InDesign are:

1. Selection tools
2. Drawing and type tools
3. Transformation tools
4. Modification and Navigation tools

 8. Write long answer of the following questions. 

a. Discuss the purpose of graphics in different fields.

Ans: The purpose of graphics in different fields are described below:

1. Computer-aided design (CAD): Graphics are used in CAD to design things like buildings and cars on computers. They help architects and engineers make detailed plans before building.
2. Digital Art: Artists use graphics on computers to create paintings, illustrations, and animations. It's like drawing or painting, but using special software and tools.
3. Web Design: Graphics are crucial in web design for making websites look good and easy to use. They include things like logos, buttons, and images that you see when you visit a website.
4. Video Games and Virtual Reality: Graphics make video games and virtual reality worlds come alive! They create characters, environments, and special effects that players can see and interact with, making games fun and immersive.

b. What is photo editing? Describe  the features of Photoshop.

Ans: Photo editing means to change and modify the image according to required style and format. These images can be digital photographs, illustrations, graphs, pictures etc.

Features of photoshops are:

1. It is easy and effective for creating and editing images.
2. It provides several tools to perform the image task quickly.
3. It supports 2D to 3D image conversion.
4. It allows to save images for the web.
5. It allows to format and print images in desired style.

c. How are page layout software useful for publication purpose? Explain in your own words.

Ans: Page layout software helps you arrange words and pictures nicely to make books, flyers, and other things look good. It's like using a magic tool to make everything organized and pretty. You can easily change things around and make them look professional, whether you're printing them or sharing them online.

Class 8 Chapter 15 Concept of Number System

 Concept of Number System

Write very short answer of the following questions:

a. Which country used the finger numerals system early days?

Ans: The finger numeral system was used by various cultures, and its early use cannot be attributed to a specific country.

b. When did Hindus developed decimal number system?

Ans: About in the fifth century, Hindus developed decimal number system.

c. Is octal number system has base 8?

Ans: Yes octal number system has base 8.

d. How many letters are used in Hexadecimal number system?

Ans: The hexadecimal number system uses 16 different symbols, including the numbers 0-9 and the letters A-F.

e. Can we divide binary numbers?

Ans: Yes we can divide binary numbers.

f. How many bits make a byte?

Ans: Eight bits make a byte.

Write short answer of the following questions:

a. What is number system?

Ans: A number system is the set of symbols used to express quantities as the basis for counting, determining order, comparing amounts, performing calculations, and representing value.

b. How did early people calculate?

Ans: Earlier, people used their fingers, pebbles, or sticks for counting and performed simple calculations such as addition of numbers, subtraction, etc. 

c. What is decimal number system?

Ans: The decimal number system is the most common number system that we use in our daily life. It uses ten digits 0-9 so it has base 10.

d. What is octal number system? What is its base value.

Ans: The octal number system uses 8 digits (0-7) and has a base value of 8.

e. What is binary number system? Which digits are used in this system?

Ans: The binary number system is a system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1.

f. What is hexadecimal number system? Why it has base sixteen?

Ans: The hexadecimal number system is a base-16 number system. It uses 16 different digits, which are 0-9 followed by A, B, C, D, E, and F.

Write long answer of the following questions:

a. Explain different types of number system with their examples.

Ans: There are several types of number systems, each with its own base and set of digits. Here are some of the most common ones along with examples:

a. Decimal number system

The decimal number system is the most common number system that we use in our daily life. It uses ten digits 0-9 so it has base 10. Example = 135 

 b. Binary number

The binary number system is a system that uses only two digits: 0 and 1.

Example: 1101 (in binary) = 13 (in decimal)

c. Octal number system

The octal number system uses 8 digits (0-7) and has a base value of 8. 

Example: 75 (in octal) = 61 (in decimal)

d. Hexadecimal number system

The hexadecimal number system is a base-16 number system. It uses 16 different digits, which are 0-9 followed by A, B, C, D, E, and F. 

Example: 1A3 (in hexadecimal) = 419 (in decimal)

b. Write the steps to convert decimal number to binary number and vice versa.

Ans: Follow these steps to convert a decimal to binary number system.

1. Divide the given decimal number by 2 and write down the reminders in one column

2. Then divide the quotient by 2 and again write down the reminders.

3. Continue the process until the quotient is zero. And at the same time write down the remainder values respectively.

4. Write all the remainders tarting with the most significant digit i.e. from bottom to top. 

Now you will get equivalent binary number of the given decimal number.

This website is designed to enhance your knowledge. However, if you have upcoming exams, it's recommended that you also consult your subject teacher for further guidance and preparation.

Class 8 Chapter Introduction to Data Communication and Network

 Class 8 

Chapter Introduction to Data Communication and Network

Write very short answer of the following questions: 

a. Is half duplex one way communication? 

Ans: Yes, half duplex is one way communication. 

b. Which was the first computer network of the world? 

Ans: The first computer network in the world is considered to be the ARPANET (Advanced Research Projects Agency Network).

c. Which network device joins multiple computers together? 

Ans: A network switch is a device that joins multiple computers together in a local area network (LAN).

d. Which is the fastest media in which data are transmitted according to the speed of light? 

Ans: Optical fiber, utilizing light signals, provides the fastest data transmission medium approaching the speed of light.

e. Which network topology places hub at the center? 

Ans: The network topology that places a hub at the center is typically the "Star" topology.

f. Which topology is considered as hybrid topology? 

Ans: Mesh topology is considered as hybrid topology.

g. Is email faster and cheaper than postal mail? 

Ans: Yes, email is faster and cheaper than postal mail.

h. Write any two popular search engine. 

Ans: google and bing  are two popular search engine.

Write short answer of the following questions: 

a. Write any two advantages of computer network. 

Ans: Any two advantages of computer network are:

• Data and information can be shared.
• Data processing is economic and faster. 

b. What is meant by network topology? 

Ans: Network topology is the interconnection pattern of computers in the network. It is the physical layout of the terminals, links and computers in the network.

c. List any four common topologies.

Ans: Any four common topologies are:

1. Bus topology 
2. Star topology
3. Ring topology
4. Mesh topology 

d. Draw and explain about bus topology. 

Ans: Bush topology is a type of network topology in which, all the computers are connected to a common cable called bus or trunk. This is simple and easy to install but if the common cable breaks it effect the whole network.

e. Differentiate between star and ring topology.

Ans:  

Star topology.	ring topology.
1. Star topology connects devices to a central hub	1. ring topology links devices in a circular chain.
2. Star topology is easy to set up and manage, suitable for small to medium-sized networks.	2.  Ring topology is less common due to complexity, but it can be more resilient as data travels through multiple devices.
3. If the hub fails, the whole network can be affected.	3. Failure of any single device can disrupt the entire network.

f. List its any four services of internet. & What is web browser? 

g. Name any two common browser software. 

Ans: Any two common browser software are : Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.

h. What is ISP? List any two popular ISPs of Nepal. 

Ans: ISP stands for Internet Service Provider. It's a company that provides internet service to users. Nepal Telecommunication (NTC) and World link are the two popular ISPs of Nepal.

i. List the components of data communication.

Ans: The components of data communication are:

1. Message

2. Sender

3. Receiver

4. Medium or communication Channel

5. Encoder and Decoder

This website is designed to enhance your knowledge. However, if you have upcoming exams, it's recommended that you also consult your subject teacher for further guidance and preparation.

Why life insurance is important for students?

 

Why life insurance is important for students?

Life insurance can be important for students for several reasons:

• Financial Protection:

Life insurance provides financial protection for your loved ones in the event of your untimely demise. If there are people who depend on you for money, like your spouse, kids, or elderly parents, life insurance makes sure they're still supported if something happens to you. It helps with things like paying for your funeral and taking care of ongoing expenses, such as mortgage payments, education costs, or any debts you may have.

• Covering Student Loans:

Many students have student loans that need to be repaid. If you have cosigned loans with your parents or have taken private student loans, life insurance can help cover those debts if something were to happen to you. This prevents your parents or co-signers from being burdened with the responsibility of repaying those loans on their own.

•  Future Insurability:

Life insurance premiums are typically based on your age and health. As a student, you're probably young and in good health because of your age and good health you can buy life insurance for a lower cost. If you get life insurance while you're young, you can lock in a low cost for the entire time you have the policy. After getting older or after having health problems, it can become more expensive or even hard to get coverage at all. So, it's smart to consider life insurance while you're still young and healthy.

•  Planning for the Unexpected:

Life is unpredictable, and unfortunate events can happen to anyone at any age. While it's not pleasant to think about, having life insurance as a student can provide peace of mind knowing that you have taken steps to protect your loved ones financially if the unexpected were to occur. It ensures that your family members or beneficiaries are not left struggling to cover expenses or dealing with financial hardships during an already difficult time.

•  Cash Value Accumulation:

Some types of life insurance, such as whole life or universal life insurance, have a cash value component that can accumulate over time. This can serve as a savings or investment vehicle, which you can access later in life if needed. It can be utilized for different purposes, such as subsidizing instruction, beginning a commerce, or supplementing retirement wage. It's imperative to note that the particular require for life protections may shift depending on person circumstances.

It's fitting to evaluate your individual circumstance, consider your monetary commitments, and counsel with a money related advisor or protections proficient to decide the suitable sum and sort of life protections scope for your needs.

Some useful website for student and teacher

 Some useful website for student and teacher 

1. Chat GPT https://chat.openai.com/ 

2. Remove noise from voice recordings https://podcast.adobe.com/ 

3. Speech or Voice to Text : https://dictation.io/speech