Class 8 Chapter 3 Generation of Computer

 Write very short answers to the following questions.
a. What was the memory unit of the first generation of computers?
Ans: Vacuum Tube was the memory unit of the first generation computer. 
b. Who was the inventor of the Vacuum Tube?
Ans: Vacuum Tube was invented by Lee De Forest. 
c. In which generation were FORTRAN and COBOL used as a programming language?
Ans: FORTRAN and COBOL programming language was used in fourth-generation computers. 
d. Name any two computers that were used in the third generation.
Ans: IBM 360 series and Honeywell- 6000 series were two computers that were used in the third generation.
e. In which generation was IC used as the memory component?
Ans: In the third generation IC was used as the memory component.
f. In which generation the concept of AI will be used?
Ans: In the fifth generation, the concept of AI will be used.

Write short answers to the following questions.

a. Name the various computer generations.

Ans: The various computer generations are: First Generation, Second Generation, Third Generation, Fourth Generation, and Fifth Generation.

b. List out the memory components used by different generations.  

Ans: The memory components used by different generations are:

First Generation >>> Vacuum Tube

Second Generation >>> Transistors 

Third Generation >>> Integrated Circuit

Fourth Generation >>> Microprocessor

Fifth Generation >>> Bio-Chips

c. Write any two differences between the third and the fourth generation computer.

Ans:

Third Generation Computer	Fourth Generation Computers
1. It used IC (Integrated Circuit) as the main memory component	1. It uses Microprocessor as the main memory component.
2. It was much faster and consume less electricity than the previous generation computers.	2. The working speed is up to picosecond and very accurate and versatile than the third generation.

d. Write any four features of the second generation computer.

Ans: Any four features of the second generation computers are:

i) VLSI (Very Large Scale Integration)  technology is used to produce a single microprocessor. 

ii) It is cheaper and more portable.

iii) It is very accurate and versatile.

iv) Working speed is very fast up to picosecond. 

e. What is Artificial Intelligence? Explain in short.

Ans: Artificial Intelligence is an emerging branch in computer science, which interprets means and methods of making computers think like human beings and will be able to use natural languages like English, French, and even Nepali for processing.